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MoE vs. SSM: Two Paths to Escape the Transformer's Tyranny of the Square

The Transformer architecture has hit the wall of O(n²) quadratic complexity, the "Tyranny of the Square." This article explores two solutions: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), which scales knowledge, and State Space Models (SSM), which scales context. This is a comparative analysis of the architectures shaping the future of AI.